Overweight and obesity epidemic in ghanaa systematic. Ghana, prevalence of obesity is similarly high in urban areas of the country. In spite of the rising prevalence of obesity in ghana, research on obesity in ghana is limited7,11,12. In ghana, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban women is on the increase.
Obesity and overweight are the fifth leading causes of global deaths with about three million adults dying each year from being obese or overweight who, 2012. Obesity and hypertension are public health problems associated with. In ghana, nearly 43% of the adult population is either overweight or obese 3. Rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in older. Predictors of overweightobesity in urban ghanaian women. Prevalence of obesity in women of accra, ghana summary. It is also intended to address the increasing problem of obesity and nutritionrelated noncommunicable diseases by promoting the adoption of optimal nutrition practices. Can poverty status explain obesity in developing countries. Our analysis indicates that nearly 43% of ghanaian adults are either overweight or obese. Sociodemographic correlates of obesity among ghanaian women. Some disease conditions have been associated with obesity. Research article prevalence of overweight and obesity. The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight is considered a public health issue in both developed and developing countries.
The world health assembly has agreed that nations should aim to achieve 0 percent growth in obesity globally by 2025, as part of a broader target to reduce premature mortality from ncds by 25 percent by 2025. Presidents emergency plan for aids relief pepfar, cdc works with ghana to build a sustainable, highimpact national hiv response program to accelerate progress towards the unaids global targets to control the hiv epidemic. Two urban and one rural community in the greater accra region of ghana. Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern in many lowincome urban settings. Western ghana, overweightobesity prevalence was high, with high body image misconception. The aim was to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight among students in the kumasi metropolis. However, little is known about the trends in the prevalence of obesity among. In ghana, information on childhood obesity is scarce, particularly for children of school age. Pdf determinants of childhood obesity and policy and. A crosssectional study was conducted among 180 workers of a financial institution in accra using the. Pdf the epidemiology of obesity in ghana john gyapong. Ghana has made moderate improvements in socioeconomic development. Culturally, a large body size is seen in a positive light among ghanaians. In a descriptive crosssectional study, 500 students aged 10 to 20 years were examined from two junior high schools selected by multistage sampling technique and three randomly selected senior high schools.
The 2014 gdhs is the sixth demographic and health survey conducted in ghana since 1988, and the objective of the survey is to provide uptodate estimates of basic. Research article prevalence of overweight and obesity among. The few studies9,14,15 conducted in ghana, have mostly assessed awareness of general health risks associated with overweight or obesity, without looking at perception of risks. The population is young and a high proportion is urban. Increasing trend of overweight and obesity in a rural. With normal weight individuals as a reference, individuals in obesity class 3 had an adjusted odds ratio of 5. The possible implications on current and future population health, burden of chronic diseases, health care spending and broader economy could be enormous for a country still battling many infectious and parasitic diseases. Pdf overweight and obesity epidemic in ghana a systematic. Ghana vision 2020 and the ghana shared growth and development agenda documents, which identifies nutrition and food security as crosscutting issues for addressing overall human development. Middleage spread of overweight and obesity in ghana. Overweight and obesity are common in ghanaians, particularly among females, the elderly, and urban dwellers. In ghana, the increasing prevalence of obesity from 1980 to 2014 among individuals aged 1549 years has been welldocumented 21, 22 and.
Among the 10 administrative regions, the greater accra region has the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity. The public health significance of obesity and overweight in ghana is well recognized. Overweight and obesity was higher in private schools than public schools. Open access research article prevalence of overweight and. Prevalence of obesity and overweight and associated. Perception of risk for hypertension and overweightobesity. Ghana 2014 demographic and health survey key findings sr224. Prevalence and lifestylerelated risk factors of obesity and. Obesity and type 2 diabetes in subsaharan africans is. In particular, the strong positive effect of education and wealth on overweight obesity in this study highlight the consistent effect of socioeconomic status on the risk of developing overweight obesity typically observed in developing countries such as ghana 6, 22, in contrast to developed countries 10, 11.
Fast foods range from fried rice to pastries and other quick meals. To support evidencebased policymaking, resource allocation and the design of appropriate public health interventions, accurate overweight and obesity. Isabella sagoemoses ghana health servicechild health paulina addy ministry of food and agriculturewomen in agriculture development juliana pwamang usaid ghana melanie luickmartins usaid ghana lilian selenje unicef ghana gloria obengamoako unicef ghana alice nkoroi fantafhi 360 victoria wise reach ghana. However very little epidemiological information is available in ghana to support intervention activities.
Effect of obesity and other risk factors on hypertension. This increases their risk of obesity and its associated diseases. The pooled estimate of the prevalence of childhood obesity in ghana was 8. Pdf sociodemographic correlates of obesity among ghanaian women. Obesity and overweight obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults overweight at least 300 million of them clinically obese and is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic disease and disability.
Some reasons why there is a northsouth divide in the prevalence of obesity in. In the 89 1987national health survey overall prevalence rate of the overweight and obesity body mass index bmi 25kgm. In ghana, obesity overweight have been recognized to be increasing public health problem that could impact significantly on national resources 27, 28. Prevalence values of childhood obesity in ghana were retrieved from 12 articles. Results indicate a prevalence of overweight or obesity of 10. It was more common among the married than unmarried. Pdf prevalence of overweight and obesity among students. The present study primarily examines the sociodemographic correlates of obesity among ghanaian women.
The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of childhood obesity and associated factors among inschool children aged 516 years in a metropolitan district of ghana. Ghana world obesity federation global obesity observatory. The 2007 global schoolbased student health survey reported overweight and obesity prevalence of 7% among ghanaian children 15 years 18. Obesity like underweight is a form of malnutrition and constitutes a. Particularly, in women increasing body sizeweight is usually perceived as a sign of beauty, good. Dec 04, 2017 background childhood overnutrition is a serious public health problem, with consequences that extend into adulthood. The national prevalence of overweight and obesity in some african countries ranges from 16. Rates of overweight obesity increased nearly 9 percent over a 15year period from 19932008, corresponding with a period of increased wealth in the country. There is a high and rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among ghanaian adults.
The prevalence of obesity in ghana has been rising steadily from as low as 0. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among schoolage children in two urban settings in ghana. Body mass index vs deuterium dilution method for establishing. The study revealed an overall prevalence of normal weight, overweight and obesity respectively 90. Greater accra region, the most urbanized region in the country, recorded the highest. Perception of risk for hypertension and overweightobesity in. Among adult women, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is high, especially among those living in urban areas, while undernutrition persists, particularly in the. This study determined the prevalence of obesity and overweight and associated factors among workers of a financial institution in accra metropolis, ghana. Oct 29, 2010 sociodemographic trends in overweight and obesity among parous and nulliparous women in ghana. During the time of this research, there were limited published findings on childhood and adolescence obesity and overweight in ghana. However, despite an improved health sector, several key outcomes related to poor nutrition remain.
Biritwum et al epidemiology of obesity in ghana ratio is also used to describe obesity. The possible implications on current and future population health, burden of chronic diseases, health care spending and broader economy could be enormous for a country. In ghana, tv ownership has been increasing since the inception of television broadcasting in 1965. However, the impact of such an economic inequality on body weights has not yet been studied. Prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity among. Ghana is among other developing countries experiencing the double burden of malnutrition, with high prevalence of both undernutrition and overweight obesity. Rising rates of overweight obesity are associated with a rapid increase in the prevalence of ncds. Obesity and overweight pose a major risk for chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease,hypertension and stroke,and certain forms of cancer. Overweight and obesity and associated factors among schoolaged adolescents in ghana and uganda karl peltzer 1,2, and supa pengpid 3 1 hivaidsstiand tb hast, human sciences research council, 4 pretorius street, pretoria 0002, south africa. Due to limited availability on data in males in ghana, we calculated total male and female figures from separate urban and rural figures using the world bank % urban for ghana from 2004. Hiv is a leading cause of death and a health threat to millions worldwide. Height and weight were measured in all participants and the body mass index bmi.
In the same study, when compared with adolescents living in families with high socioeconomic status, the odds of one becoming overweight and obese was about. Ghana nutrition profile nutrition and consumer protection division, fao, 2009 3 summary ghana is a small coastal country of west africa well endowed with natural resources. Further, recent studies suggest higher overweight obesity prevalence among women compared to men 4, 5. Studies in ghana and kenya report that older age is a significant predictor of obesity, 14.
The ghana demographic and health surveys gdhs from 1993 to 2014 reported an increasing prevalence of obesity among ghanaian women 1549 years. Journal of preventive medicine and care open access pub. Currently in ghana, there is a new form of fast food circulating in the big cities and towns. Oct 02, 2017 in that period, ghana s obesity rates have surged more than 650 percent, from less than 2 percent of the population to. In ghana, the crude prevalence of overweight and obesity determined by amoah et al, were 23.
Rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in. The 2014 ghana demographic and health survey gdhs is designed to provide data for monitoring the health situation of the population in ghana. The following is an exploration of various facts, consequences, explanations. These foods are highly advertised and also, reasonably tasty. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among students in the. Television exposure and overweightobesity among women in ghana. The reported prevalence of childhood obesity in these studies ranged from 0. Role of food aid and assistance in addressing the double. Television exposure and overweightobesity among women in. Sep 18, 2020 the relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity remains inconclusive in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight among students aged 1020 years in the kumasi metropolis of ghana, to sensitize the public on the emerging trend of childhood and adolescence. Ghana reported an obesity prevalence of 10% among adults in west. Haddads conceptual framework for the analysis of double burden of malnutrition. Methods information on wfp activities in ghana from 2012 up through its planning into 2023 was extracted from 11 wfp planning, operations and evaluation documents.
Regional and socioeconomic dimensions of the obesity. To determine the prevalence of obesity in ghanaian adults. Prevalence of obesity among health workers in kadjebi. Nov 27, 2017 in ghana, information on childhood obesity is scarce, particularly for children of school age. Overweight and obesity and associated factors among school. Methods this crosssectional study involved 3089 children 915 years recruited between december 2009 and february 2012. The key causes are increased consumption of energydense foods high in saturated fats and.
The following is an exploration of various facts, consequences, explanations and recommendations for future direction of intervention to be considered in managing the childhood obesity epidemic. A multiple database search was conducted for articles published between january 1, 2001, and october 31, 2019, reporting the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in ghana. Managing overweight and obesity in ghana from a cultural lens. Amoah, 2003 and is more common among women than men based on the female. This report recognizes the complexity of the obesity pandemic and relies on the. Sociodemographic correlates of obesity among ghanaian. Though knowledge of risks associated with obesity is important, an individuals perception of risk presents a stronger motivation for weightreduction be. The combined sample size of the 12 studies was 20,198. Obesity is a very important risk factor to many diseases especially type 2 diabetes. Impact of overweight and obesity on life expectancy, quality. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined based on selfreported height and weight and the international child body mass index standards. A nationwide survey found overweight and obesity to be common in the more urbanized southern part of the country compared to the largely rural northern part 17. Obesity like underweight is a form of malnutrition and constitutes a risk factor of many diseases like diabetes. Overweight, obesity and thinness and associated factors among schoolaged children 514 years in tamale, northern ghana.
The study also aims at identifying groups of women who are at risk of obesity. The ghana demographic and health surveys gdhs from 1993 to 2014 reported an increasing prevalence of obesity among ghanaian women 1549 years from 3. Dietary patterns and associated risk factors among school. This survey is, however, limited by its use of selfreported anthropometric data. The sixth ghana living standard survey glss 32 estimated tv ownership to have increased between 199899 and. Agriculture, which is still predominantly traditional, plays an. Nov 26, 2019 background childhood obesity is a growing public health concern in many lowincome urban settings. Further work is needed to ascertain the determinants of overweight and obesity in ghanaians. Fast foods are a major cause of obesity because of their high fat content. In a current metaanalysis on the overweight and obesity epidemic in ghana which entailed an analysis of fortythree 43 studies involving a total population of 48,966 sampled across all the ten 10 regions, 4 in 10 of ghanaian adults are reported either overweight or obese, with the national prevalence overweight vs obesity projected at 25.
The prevalence of obesity among schoolgoing children in achimotalegon area. Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a bmi between 25kg and 29. Dietary patterns and associated risk factors among school age. Pdf the epidemiology of obesity in ghana researchgate. In ghana, the prevalence of obesity has risen steadily from as low as 0.
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